Jest available copy



May 14, 1 J. H. HAMMOND. JR

AUTOMATIC PLAYER PIANO HAVING TONE MODULATORS Filed Oct. 1925 8Sheets-Sheet 4/ I a W h Z//////// 2&2?

ay 1929' J. H. HAMMOND. JR 1,713 12 AUTOMATIC PLAYER PIANO HAVING TONEMODULATORS Filed on. 8. 1925' a Sheets-Sheet 2 ravine May 14, 1929. J.H. HAMMOND. JR

I AUTOMATIC PLAYER PIANO HAVING TONE MODULATORS Filed Oct. 8. 1925 8Sheets$heet 3 cum ucnuuuunnunuun m E LU LK II y 14, 1929' J. H. HAMMOND.JR 1,713,124

AUTOMATIC PLAYER PIANO HAVING T-ONE MODULATORS Filed Oct. 8. 1925 8Sheets-Sheet 4 y 14, 1929/ J. H. HAMMOND. JR 1,713,124

' AUTOMATIC PLAYER PIANO HAVING TONE MODULATORS Filed Oct. 1925 8Sheets-Sheet 5 a? 91. fifiaii g May 14, 1929.

J. H. HAMMOND, JR 1,713,124

AUTOMATIC PLAYER PIANO HAVING TONE MODULATORS Filed Oct. 8. 1925 a Sheets-Sheet 6 May 14, 1929. J. H. HAMMOND. JR 1,713,124

AUTOMATIC PLAYER PIANO HAVING TONE MODULATORS Filed Oct. 1925 8Sheets-Sheet- 7 CONCERT SO May l4, 1929. J. H. HAMMOND. JR

AUTOMATIC PLAYER PIANO HAVING TONE MODULATORS Filed Oct. 1925 8Sheets-Sheet 8 striking Patented May 14, 1929.

ME? TA E 2 131313 5 Ararat $551633.

- Application filed Octane-r a, 1925.

This invention relates to inusical instruments and particularly toautomatic pianofortsf v The invention has particular reference toimprovements in means'for contmllin'g and modulating the"Iiiusie'produc'ed automatic 'p'iailos to imparting to the musicproduced" by "s'u'ch inst-iuments' new and agreeable effects as wll'aslto improving the quality oftonefp'rodluced' by particularinstrument." l i One of the features of the invention is the provisionof 'an'impiove'd modulating mechanism 'for'vari'a-bl controlling theintensitytf thepercuss1ve"action"of the instrument' and simultaneouslymodu ating the sound "ei'i'1it ted 'froi'nthe insti unleiit. Accordingto'tlris feature of the. invention a'plil'ralitiy of soundl'eflectingdevices are provided in the casing "of" the instrument whereby the soundmay be directedas desired and thusthe' 'int e'nsity of sound heard bya"parti'c'ular listener may be effectively modulat'edand controlled. andthese device: are" \i ip eratively interconnected with the pneumatic's'oi? the instrument.

According to another feature of the invention t l lere'tlectindevices'are arranged in separate groups corresponding in general toportions .of'the musical scal'e'anda separate modulatin 'deyice isprovided for each group so that the control'of -the solo o! theme partmay be effected independently of the 'control'of the bass oraccompaniment. i

Another feature relates to improved means for coupling the severalgroups of reflecting devices together so that they may be controlled insynchronism.

Other objects of the invention will appear description taken inaccompanying drawfrom the following connection with the ings in whichFigure 1 is a bottom plan view of so much of an automatic player pianoas is necessary to an understanding of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the variable mechanismof Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a front elevation partly in section of the piano shown inFigure 1;

Figure 4 is a section taken on the line -l4 of Figure 3; t

Figure 5 is a detailed view of a portion of the operating mechanism;

F igureS is an' enlarged:

Figures (5 and- 6*,which will be understood are to be read with thebottom edge of F igure (3 adjoining the top edge of- Figure 6.? formcollectively atschematic layout o f an ahtomatic playing mechanism ofone well known form ofautomatic plaverpiano embodying features of theinvent'ion;

Figure (':is an enlarged view, with-parts broken away, of one of theexpression mechanisms or modulating devices of Figure 6"; A view,witihpart-s broken away, of the suction pump and: pedal pneumaticsofFigure 6";" i

Figures 9an'd 9*,Wvhich will be understood are to be read with thebottom edge o'f-Figure 9? adjoining the top edge of Fisure'9 formcollectively a schematielayoiit of'an automatic playing :mechan'i'sinofanother'well known forniof' aiitomatic' player piano embodyingfeatures of the invention;

Figure 10 is a View partly in'section at the primary valve box, theaccordion pneumatic-and-thc expression box of Figure 9., the section ofthe expression t'box-"being taken on the li1ie1010v of Figure 11; and

"Figure 'll is" a cross section of the expression box taken on the Eline11-11 of Figu re ltl" I i 1 Referring to the. form of the inventionilliistrated in Figures 1 to 5 there is shown so much of an automaticplayer instrument of the. grand piano type as is necessary to anunderstanding of the invention.

The instrument includes a suction pump 11, driven by nieans of a belt 12from an electric motor 13.' The motor 13 is connected by a flexiblecable to a source of power such as a pair of power mains 14. The pump 11is connected by means of a pipe 15 to two modulating mechanisms 16 and17, of well known construction. The outlet side of the modulatingmechanism 16 is connected. by a pipe 20 to the bass end of the playermechanism QOthe playing mechanisms being divided into two separategroups at approximately the middle of the keyboard. The modulatingmechanism 17 is connected by a pipe 21 to the treble end of the playermechanism, 21.

Leading from the pipe 20 is a branch pipe 22 which communicates with theinterior of a pneumatic 23. Secured to the other side of the pneuinatic23 is a rod 21 which is pivoted at 25 to an arm 26 which is pivotallysecured at 27 to the framework of the piano] Secured to the rod 24 is aspring 28 the end. of which is herein;

mounted on the end 30, which is heldby to the framework of an adjustingscrew ,a bracket 31 is provided a knurled .headjfiZ ,so

-ing. 38-a'nd has one that it maybracket 31.

The end of the arm 82310? 35', inn-which slides to the end ofia prim eeasily adjusted in the J 26 provided with a. pin 36 secured a ry --valvemember 37,

which slides in-a 'valveicasing 38. This;cas-

41,- which in turn ismgis provided-with -a port =40,=-(see Figure whichis iii-"communication- :With. a .pipe

connected :to the pipe -.of the. primary 'iace adj acentto; a 'facezvalve: i 37.-

valve 37 .-is:-provided with an opening 43 which is always .'n communication with the inlet port 40. It: is also provided withtwo twoopenings; '46 and longiitudinalygro'oves '44 and 45.

T ie: secondary valve 42' is provided with 47 which continually registerwithitwo ports 50 and 51 respectively.

These ports communicate with two tubes 52 and 53, which in turncommunicate with two bellows 5i and 55 i respectively.

The bellows consist oftwo stationary bases '56 and- 57'which are rigidlysecured to the .frameworlc of;the piano. anda movable memzber 58 )Whichis common: and twhiclrm'ziy be moved :to the twobellows inf either: one.'direction or the other depending. upon "which bellows is deflated. Theouter endof the member 58 is pivoted to a link 60 'which'in turnispivoted to the end-of an. arm .61.

Pivoted to the arm 62, the other end of the secondary valve 61 a secondlink which is pivoted to member 42.

The arm 61 is rigidly secured to one end of a' shafted-which 1n theframework of vented from movin means of a collar (36.

Rigidly is rotatably mounted the piano and is preg longitudinally by(See Figure 3.)

secured to the upper end of the shaft (55 is'an arni ()7 (see Fig. 5) tothe outer end of which is pivoted a link (38, the

other end of which is pivoted to a rod 70. Pivotedto the rod area-plurality of arms 71 which are rigidly equal number of reflectors 72.

at their ends to a frametors are pivoted secured to an These reflecwork73 which is mounted inside the casing of the piano 10. structed withalayer Each reflector is conof sound insulating material foreli'ectiveiy.suppressing sound. and

an inner face-of sou nd reflecting material 74 such as sheet aluminum orother sheet metal.

A second mechanism similar to that just described, is provided at thetreble end of the piano. The controlling pneumatic of this mechanism iscon the pipe 21. The res nected by apipe 75 to t ofthe mechanism issecured. of'the piano.- The "screw similar to that already described andcontrols a set of reflectors 7 6 which are pivotally mounted in theframe 73.

Pivot-ed to the end of the arm 58 is a. second link 77, the other end ofwhich is connected to one arm of a bellcrank 78 which is pivoted forrotation on a pin 79, which is secured to the frame of the piano. To theend of the other arm of the -bellcrank 78 is pivoted a link 81, theother end of which is connected to a rod 82. Pivoted to'the rod 82 are aplurality of arms 83 which are rigidly secured to an equal numwhich ismounted inside the casing of the piano 10. These reflectors are ofsimilar construction to the reflectors 7 4 and are provided with aninner face of reflecting material 86. V

The reflectors 72 together with the frame 73 close the upper part of thepiano forming resonating chamber. 87 above the sounding board 87, whichcontains the strings and the reflectors 84 with the frame 85 close thelower part of the piano forming a second resonating chamber 88, belowthe sounding board 87. The interior of the chambers 87 and 88 are'linc-dwith sound reflecting matcrial89, such. as sheet aluminum.

Inorder to control the operation of the musical instrument a tracker bar90 isprovided which is mounted in a recess located above the keyboard ofthe piano. Adjacent to the tracker bar 90 are two spools 91 and 92, uponwhich is wound a strip 93 of perforated paper, the perforations of whichare so located that they cause the proper notes to be sounded as thepaper passes in front of the tracker bar 90. The spools 91 and 92 areactuated by motor mechanism of well known construction to causethe paperstrip 93 to be moved across the tracker bar at any desired rate ofspeed. This speed is controlled by means of a speed control handle 93located in front of the keyboard.

The tracker bar 90 is prm'ided with two additional groups of three holeseach 94: and 95 respectively. The group of holes 9& are connected bythree pipes 96 to the modulating mechanism 16. and the group of holesare connected by three pipes 97 to the modulating mechanism 17. Thesemodulating mechanisms are controlled in a well known manner so that whenany one or any combination of the. three holes is open to theatmosphere, they will cause the modulating means to vary the suction inthe p11 e 20 or 21 which controls the strength with which the notes willbe struck.

The remaining holes in the tracker bar 90 are connected by tubes 100 toprimaries 101 which consist of pouches 102 covered by pieces of flexibleleather 103. Resting upon the upper surfaces of these leathers are .i gu e i i t slli provided with arms 114tothe ends dfwhich fifention sl 1which is controlled I adjustment of the-handle 93', the paper valves-10t which are normally held in the position shown by the suction in thechammunication with the pipe 2 A bleed hole 108 is provided between theduct 106' and the pouch The valves ;104 are located infchamberslw 'whichare normally in corn- 1n'unication..with the atmosphercby means ofdac'ts llland also communicate means of ductsfim'fwith th "interiorofthe strik- .h s ipeei w. are

are'piv'oted striking membersilizi, which ,fwfhen the pheumatics are.collapseistrike the under ,sijde' 'f the keysj116, causing them to berotatedvabo t he p VQ .11Z.. lS in? the striking actions which actuat- Amay be c wen; fownand standard construc- .tiqn, and which are rovidedwithhamstrike the" a ag managin them to vimounted in a metallic frameboard 87 -In the operation oftlie form of the inlawn in Figures 1' to- 5the paper snip 93 isjcaused to pass in front of the tracker bar.9t)athny desiredrate of speed in the usual. manner by passes overthetracker bar '90, the holes in the paper willcomeoppositecorresponding holes in the, trackerbar thus allowing air to center thecorresponding tt1be 100. This will cause the pouch 102 to be inflatedthus raising the valve' lo which will close the port 111 andplace thechamber 105111 communication with the pneumatic 113 by way of thechamber 110 and the duct 112, thus de- Hating the pneumatic 113.This-will cause the member 115 to be moved rapidly upward, striking theunder side of the key 116 which inturn will operate the action 118causing the hammer 120 to strike the. string 121 and sound therespective note. \Vhen the paper strip 93 has moved sufficiently tocover the hole in the tracker bar 90. atmospheric air will be shut offfrom the tube 100 and the bleed hole 108 will cause the pouch 102 to bedeflated, thus allowing the valve 104.- to be seated which will shut offthe supply-of suction to the pneumatic 113 and allow it again to beconnected to the atmosphere through duct 111 thus causing the pneumatic113 to be inflatedand therefore causing the member 115 to drop back tothe position shown in Figure 4. In a similar manner whenever a hole inthe paper 93 passes in front of a hole in the tracker bar, thecorresponding note will be struck.

WVhen holes in the paper come opposite the grou of holes 94 in thetracker bar 90,

they wil allow air to pass through the tubes 96'to the modi 'ing means16 which causes the suction in tile pipe 20 to be varied according tothe hole or combination of holes of the group'Q, which are uncovered, aswill subsequently appear. The modulated suctiwi in the pipe 20 iscommunicated to the duct 107 and causes whichever .pneumatics 113 whichmay be operated, to strike the keys a blow, the .itorce of which isdetermined by the suction in the pipe 20. In this manner any dcsitedstrength of notefmay be produced.

Thesucti'on 'in'pipe'20 is communicated by means of pipe22 to thepneumatic 23 causing' th s to be'collapsed, an amount tionalto thedifferential between the in the ropersuct on pipe and the tension oftli'efspriug 28. The rod 24 moves the primary valve- 37 to acorresponding position by means of the arm 26. If,'for example, the rod2* is moved downward, as shown in Figure 1, due to an increase ofsuction in' pipe 20, the primary valve 3 'will'a-lso move downward asseen in Figure .2, thus communicating the suction from the port 40through the hole 43 to the passage 46 thence through port- 50 and tube52to the pneumatic 51 which is their collapsed, causing the link to bemoved downwardly, which in turn rotates the arm 61 in a clockwisedirection. This causesthellnktiB to pull the secondary valve 42downwardly until the section between the openings 46and 47 has coveredthe hole 43,

motion of the then remain in that posimatic 54. This willstop the arm 61which will 't-ion until the primary valve '37, has been again movedunder the action of the pneumatic 23. "It is evident, therefore, thatthe arm 61 will take up a position corresponding to the amount ofsuction in the pneumatic 23 and, therefore, corresponding to the suctionthe pipe 20.which as previously stated, controls the strength with whichthe notes will be struck. The tension of the spring 28 may be adjustablyvaried, and thus the action of the arm 61 may be varied as desired.

The arm 61 being rigidly secured to the shaft 65, causes this to berotated, which in turn causes the rotation of the arm 67, (see Fig. 5),in a coouter-clockwise direction. This arm being connected by link 68 tothe rod 70 causes this to be moved to the left as seen in Figure 5, thusrotating the reflectors 72 in a counter-clockwise direction which willincrease the opening between these shutters. The angular displacement ofthe reflectors from the closed position will, therefore, be proportionalto the 'suction in the pneumatic 23, which in turn is proportional tothe strength with which the notes will be struck.

This will control the volume of sound heard b a listener according tothe inteny 170 consists of seven sity of the,percussive action, andtherefore will produce ant additional modulation vof thesoundemittedfbyfihe piano.

Asimilanactionztakes place at the treble end of the piano causing theswell shutters 76 to-openan amount proportional to the suction in .thepipe 21'. In this way the .so und: emitted trom. either section of thepiano by. the reflectors -.will be proportional to the stre which thestrings. in

t s t n, are beinsisttu k by .r matics 113. it u The refiectors84areeontrolled by the arm 58.so that: asjthis arm moves'. dwnwardly, as

e link 81 and the rod reflecttn is sa ml'asimim maimer to that justdescribed in conjieetion the reflectors the .foi'n'i invention shown Fur sBi o @SJfli I ys i S wn as applied to. one commercial-dorm ofautomatic piano player. system consists of atrackerbar 150 over whichthe standard player piano paper isn rovedby any well known means, twoexpression mechanisms 151 and 152 tor regulating b nd eb e Plew p q atand 154; respectively, two1 crescendo ,pneumatics 1 and 156 which theaction of the expression I echanrs ns i s ill appear hereinafter,- a.','lou'd -;p'edal pneui'natic 157,.a. soft pedal pneumatre158, suctionpump. l 160 T for producing the, suction necessary to operatethe'player, a'jco'ntrol mechanism1 61 for causing the [piano to beplayed either; so ft,- medium or brilliant, a reroll mechanism 162 whichwhen operated shuts off the supply of suction to the player pneumatics153 and 154. two shutter control systems 163 and 164 which operate twosets of refiectois 165 and 166 which are located above the bass andtreble divisions of the strings respectively. y

The tracker bar 150 is provided with a plurality of holes which aredivided into three groups 170, 171 and 172. The group holes whichcontrol the expression mechanisms for the bass end and the loud pedal.The group 171 consists of eight holes which control the expressionmechanism at the treble end, the soft pedal and the reroll mechanism.The group 172 consists of eighty-three holes which control the playingof the notes of the piano. The group 170 comprises seven holes 173 to179 which communicate with tubes 183 to 189 respectively.

The three tubes 184, 186 and 188 are connected to three chambers 191;192 and 193 in the expression mechanism 151 (see Figure 7). Each ofthese chambers is covered by a flexible leather pouch 194 upon whichrests the atmosphere.

' 19 355 8 vi k 2 ion about the pivot V y 216 passes. the suetionto thejtion witlrtlie chamber2 17.

' is mounted on apo'ueh218 which'covers a chamber 220 which is incommunication with a valve 195 which consists of .upper and lowermembers interconnected lby a rod. These valvesare located in chamberssuch as 196 and are connectedby passages 197 to a duct 198. Thechambers196 aref connected 'by 'circiilar passages which the stems ofthe valves 195112135 to These'; passages are nor- 'mally closed 'to theatmosph'ereby the upper' members ofthe V which pommuni ate with the Iducts T 202 communicate vide'd with i'valves' 1.2%; m nt 1 P011 hambers210 which fil i ifi lnicatefwith' a duct 211. Between the'ch'ambers 191and From these ducts t o the all bleed holes j213.

207 are ducts 212. chambers 196 are sm The duct 198 commun cates with aa cham- 217 through which the stem of'the valves The duct 211 isin'coinmunica- The valve 216 the tube"189. The tube'189 is connected tothe duct 198 by" 1iieans small bleed hole The duct-19S commu "cates witha chamber 222'w'liich is provided'witha pouch 223 covering a secondchamber 224, which is in communication with a. tube 225'. =The chamher222 is connected by 1a duct 226 to a large chamber 227 which isprovided. with two openings 228 and 230 .""1he opening 228 is coveredby'a valve 231which operates in a. chamber 232 which communicates with alarge supply tube 233. The valve 231 is carried by a rod 234, the upperend of which is secured to a yoke 235 which is pivoted at 236 and issecured to the tops of the pneumatics 203, 204 and 205. he lower end 0the rod 234 -is adjustablysecured to one side of a pneumatic 240 theinterior of which communicates with a tube 241.

The opening 230 is covered by a valve 24-2 secured to a rod 243 thelower end of which is adjustably secured to one side of a pneumatic 244.Surrounding the rod 243 between the arm of thepneumat' 244 and theexpression mechanism'151 is a spring 243. The interior 'of the pneumatic244 communicates by means of a duct 245 with a chamber 246 which isprovided with an atmospheric port 247. Inv the chamber 246 is mounted avalve250 having a stem 251 which passes through an opening leading froma chamber 246 to a chamber 252. The low r end of the stem 251 rests upona. pouch 253 200 through valves 195. The: pas. sages 200 are connectedby ducts1201 secj n i y t$.-.2 2 three -.pneu'inatics 203,7204and 205,The lower ends" 'ot I with chambers such 267 which are prowhich covers achamber 254 which is in communication with a tube 255. The chamber 252communicates by means of a duct 256 with a chamber 257 which isincommunication with a pipe 258. A small bleed hole 259 is provided whichconnects the chamber 254 with the duct 256. A

The crescendo pneumatic (see Fig. consists of a .bellows 260, mounted; abase .261.- The-bellows 260 carries of a spring 263the-other end ofwhich is ecured to a second arm 264 mounted on the base 261. Pivotallymounted on the base 1 261 is an arm 265 which oscillates about the edge.266 as a fulcrum. The arm 262is provide d, with 2. lug 265'.normall v incontact with the arm 2.65.; A spring 266' is secured to the base 261 forretracting the arm 2 Normally the arm 265 covers two ports 26? and 268which communicate respectively with two ducts 270 and 271. The duct 270communicates at onecnd .wi th the tracker bar tube 187 and at the otherend witha chamber 272. The duct 2'51 comn'iunicatesat one end with thetracker bar tube 183 and at the other end with a chamber 273. Thechambers 272 and .2' ?3 are connected by "a small bleed hole 274whichcommunicates with a chamber 275. This chaf'nber separated from thechambersQT-2 and' 2i'3 by two pouches 276 and-2T7. Resting upon thesepouches ,are two .valves ,280 and @281 which are located inchamhers .282and respectively. ,Surroundingthestem of the valve 281-is aspring 281which 'tends to maintain the izalve 281 in the position shown in thedrawing. The chambers 282 and 283 communicate with 't-ll chamber 276whymeans of circular ports .and comni' nicate with the atmosphere bymeans of ports 281 and 285 espectiy'ely. The chamber 282 is incommunication, .by way of a duct 286, with a chamber 287. Covering thischamber is a pouch 288 .to whichis secured a valve 280 which operates ina chamber 291. This chamber communicates with the chamber 283 by meansof a duct 292. A small duct 293 leads from'the duct 202 to the interiorof the bellows 260. ading from the top of the chamber 291 is a pipe 29$which communicates with the interior of the belh-nvs 260. The p'pe 241from the pneumatic 240 also communicates with the interior of the hollow260.

The loud pedal mechanism 1377 consists of a pneumatic 300, to the upperside of which connected a rod 301, which when the pneumatic is deflated,causes the loud pedal to be operated. The interior of the pneumatic 300communicates by means of a duct 302 with a chamber 303 in which ismounted a valve 304. The chamber 303 is provided with an atmosp iericvent 305 and with a port 306, which communicates with a chamber 307, the

an .arm 262 to which 5 is attached, one end lowerpart of which iscovered by a pou h 308, upon which rests the stem of the valve 30-1. Thechamber 307 communicates with the suction supply pipe 310. i

Under the pouch 308 is located a chamher 311 which is i i-communicationwith the tube 185. A small bleed hole 312 is rovided which connectsthechamber 311 with the pipe 310.

he expression mechanism 152, the crescendo pneumatic 156 and the softpedal pneumatic 158 are similar iii construction to the expressionmechanism 151, the crescendo 155 and the loud e'zlal pneumatic 157respectively audit is tlibught that the description given for one willsufiice for all. The primary meclianism, 153 and 1:34am similar to thosedisclosed in Fi ure 1, and described 'in connectiontherewith ,ie pumpunit 160 is driven by an. electrical motor 315 operated by a convenientsource of electrical power and belted lo a pulley316 mount-colon asuction pump 317. The pump317 which consists of fourpneumatics 3 18operated successively from the shaft of the pulley 316. \-V hen any ofthe pneumatics 318 are. opened air is drawn from a chamber 320 throughcheck waives 321 into the interiorjof the pneumatics 318 and when theseare collapsed, air is forced through-check valves 322 into the interiorof the pump 317 from which it escapes through, holes in the casing 323.'On the lower side of the pump 3171s mounted a reservoir whichcommunicates with the passage 320 by ineansof a art 325. Inside thereservoir 32 1 is inounte a spring 326 which tends to hold the reservoiropen. On "one side of the pinnp is mounted a pneumatic 330 the interiorof which communicates witha tube 331. The 'top of, this pneumaticcarries an arm 332 the end ot'which is connected by a spring, 333 to thefrai'ne of the pump 3.17. A -valve 334 is provided in the passage 320which normally covers a port 335. The valve 33 1 is opeial'ivelyconnected to the arm 332 by means of a spring 336.

he duct 320 is ing's 3 10 and 341 in communication with a chamber 342which is provided with an opening 343, communicating at the left withthe pipe 233 from the expression mechanism 151 and at the rightcorresponding with the pipe 233" from the expression mechanism 152. Apouch is located under the opening 343 and covers a chamber 347 which isconnected to a tube 348. A small bleed .hole 349 connects the chamber347 with the chamber 342. I The tube 331 communicates with a chamber 350located in a valve block 351 which forms part of the control mechanism161. The chamber 350 is provided with an at mosoheric port 352 and aninternal port 353 which communicates with a second champrovided with twoopenor medium position.

her 354. This second chamber communicates with two check valves-355 and356 which in turn communicate with-tubes 357 and 358. The tube 357 isconnected to'the pipe258 of i the expression mechanism 151, and the tube358 is' connected toacorresponding'pipe of the secoritl expression"mechanis'm 152. In the "chamber'350is located a valvc'360 the stem ofwhich rests upon a pouch which covers a chamber 362 which is incommunicatioii with a tube 363.- A hole eonnects the chamber 362with'tlie 'c'liainber 354'.- T he tube 363 leads to athree-positioncontrol valve 364, which is shown in its central The valve 364 is'providcd with an atmospheric port 365 which at suitable timescommunicates with the tube 363'. By rotating this valve in a clockwisedirection the port 365*vvill communicate with the tube 255. The tube255is connected to a corresponding tube 255"o'f -the modifyingmeans152."

The tube 348 communicates with a' pas sage 370 in the reroll valvemechanism 162. The passage 370 communicates with the chambers 371 and372, and is provided with a valve 373 which rests upon a pouch 374covering a ch amber375.. The chamber 371 is provided with an atmosphericport 376,

' and the chamber 372 is connected by a pipe 377 to the pipe 233 of thesecond expression mechanism 152. Asinall bleed hole 378 eonnects thechamber 375 withthe chamber 372. The chamber 375 communicates with a.tube

380', the other end of which: communicates with a hole 381 provided in aplate 38 Slidably mounted upon'the plate382 is a disk 383wliich iscarried by an arm 384 which controls the' rewindmechanism.

The reflector control system 163 consists of a pneumatic 390 which isconnected by a pipe 391 to the pipe 258 This pneumatic is similar tothat shown in Figure 1. at Z3 and the" rest of the control mechanism.including the reflectors, is the same as that (lcscribed in connectionwith Figures 1 to 5.

The tube 225 is connected to the bottom of a valve casing 393 in whichslides a plunger 394 provided with a longitudinal hole 395. A spring 396is provided under the plunger 394 to hold it in its uppermost position.An atmospheric port 397 passes through the wall of the valve casing 393and is'normally covered by the plunger 394, the upper end of which istapered, so that when it is depressed it will gradually uncover the port397. A similar control valve 398 is provided which is connected to thepipe 225' of the expression mechanism 152.

In the operation of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 6,7 and 8, the note holes 172 in the tracker bar 150 are uncovered by theperforations in the music roll, thus allowing air to enter these pipes,

which in turn operate the striking pneumatics as described in connectionwith the structure of Figure 4.

Vhen a hole in the paper comes opposite the hole 175 in thetracker'bar150, air is admitted to the tube-185 and into thechamber 311,raising the p0u ch 308 and thus litting the valve 304 whiclr closes theatmospheric'port305 and connects the pneumatic 300 to thesuction'supplyin chamber 307, thus collapsing the pneumatic 300 and pulling'down onthe rod 301which-causes the loud pedal mec ianism to be operated. Inasimilar manner when 'a hole in the paper uncovers the corresponding holeof the group 171 air is admitted to-the soft pedal primary 158, thuscausing its pneumaticto be collapsed and-operating the soft-pedalaction.- e

The suction produced by thepunip 160 is maintained constant bym'eans ofthe valve 334 which normally covers-the port 335, if the suction in thepump should increase beyond a predetermined amount which is dependenton' the tension of the-spring 336, the valve 334 will automatically bepulled open .by the pressure of the atmospheric air, thus allowing airto enter the chamber 320 and reducing the suction in this to thepredetermined value.

If it'is desired to increase the suction in the pipes 233 and 233' thecontrol lever 364 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction tothe'positi'on-marked brilliant. Inthis posi-' tion the port365jregisters with the opening of the tube 363, thus allowing air toenter the chamber 362 and inflating the pouch 361, thus raising thevalve 360 which closes the port 352 and connects thetube 331 with thesuction chamber 354, thus causing the air to be withdrawn from the tube331 and collapsing the pneumatic 330 which rotates the arm 332 in aclockwise direction thus increasing the tension on the spring 336. Thiswill not occur, however, until the suction in the chamber 354 issuiiiciently great to overcome the pull of the spring 333. The suctionin the chamber 354 is dependent on the suction in the tubes 357 and 358and will be the same as the greater of these. The amount of suction inthe pipes 357 and 358 is determined by the modulating means 151 and 152and will be explained more may hereafter. The check valves 355 and 356are provided so as to prevent the suction from passing from one tube tothe other.

\Vhen the reroll lever 384 is moved to the right, in order to actuatethe reroll mechanism, the hole 381 is uncovered allowing air to entertube 380 thus inflatin pouch 374 which lifts the valve 373 shutting offthe tube 348 from the suction and allowing ir to enter through port 376,passing through tube 348 to the chamber 347 inflatnism 151, t

the pouch 3&8 which covers the hole thus shutting" off the supply ofsuction the striking pneumati'cs.

.In' the operation of the expression mechale suction from the pun-i1)pasees through the pipe 233 to the chamber- 232 thence through" theopening 228 into the ch'a'inber227 from which it passes tl'n'o'ugh thepenin the chamber 257-, 'fro'm which it thr'ougli the' pipe 258 th theb'a'ss pneumatics 153. The position of the-"valve 231 is determined bythe suction in the pneumatic 240 pushin iip'wardly on-tlie rod 234 andtheconibihefjsuction in the pneurniitics 203, 204 and 205, any one orany combination of whic'h'm'ay be on, as will be presently described,pushing downwa'r'dlyloh the rod 234. the suction in the'c'hamber 227 isless: than that required to hold the valve 231 on its seat, this valvewill be lifted by the suction in the chamber 232tliiis increasing thesuction in the. chamber 227'. This increased suction "will pass throughthe duct 226, chamber 222, duct 198, pipes 197, chambers '196, ducts 201secondary ducts 202,

into the pneumatics 203, 204 or 205 depending upon whichvalves 195are'opcn. This will increase the suction in these pneulnatics, thusforcing the rod 234 down "with greater strength, thus tending to closethe valve 231. This operation,'thei'efore, maintains the suctidn 'in'the chamber at a predetermined amount depending'non which of'thpneiimatic's 203, 20 i o'r'205 are "operating and de'; pe'ridinupo'nlthe suction in the pneumatic it flute-noticed that thepneumatiesf203, 204 and are at different distances from the Fulcrum 236of"the m-rfi'235. Seven different combinations of pressure may,therefore, be

obtained upon the rod 234 depending upon which'one 'or combination ofpneumatics203, 204 and 205 are deflated, thus if 203 alone is deflatedthe first intensity will be produced. 204 will produce the second, 203and 204 will )l'oduce the third, 205 alone will produce the fourth, 205and 203 the fifth, 205 and 204 the sixth, 205, 203 and 204 the seventh.

The pneumatics 203, 204 and 205 are controlled by the valves 195 whichare operated by the pouches 194. Thus, ifr for example, when the hole inthe paper comes opposite the hole 174 in the tracker bar 150, air isadmitted to the tube 184 and enters the corre sponding pouch 191inflating same and cansing the valve 195 to move upwardly, shutting oilthe suction from the pneumatic 203 and allowing-air to enter through thepassage 200, duct20l, secondary duct 202 to the pneumatic 203 thusinflating it. t the same time air passes into the chamber 207 andthrough the duct 212 into the chamber 191, under the pouch 194 so thatwhen the hole in the passes from in front of the hole 174 in the trackerbar this pouch will remain inflated 343 with air, thus holding to enterthe -three chambers 210.

paper the valve 195 open and the pneumatic 203 inflated.

In a siinilar manner either the pneumatic 20! or 205 may be inflated byholesin the paper coining opposite holes 176 and 178 respectively in thetracker bar 150. lVhen it is desired to deflate the pile-nineties 203,204 and 205, a hole in the paper co'tnes'bpposite the hole 179 in thetra'clce'r bar'l5'0 and allows air to pas; through tube 189 to chamber220, thus inflating the pouch 218 and liftin the valv 216 whibi allowsair duct 211 and thcnce into the This in tiates the three pouches 209and lifts the three'valves'20S, closing the opening to the secondaryduct 202. The bleeds 213 then suck the at: from the chambers 191, thuscausing thepnuehe's 194 to be deflated and the valves 195 loivered tothe positions shown in F igur 7.' This shuts off the atmosphere, fromthe neumatics 203, 20stand 205 and connects thcin'to t 'e' suctionchambers 196 -th'us deflating the three pneuinatics. If it is desired toput any of them on again, suitable holes are placed 'on the paper so asto come opposite the 'proper holes in the tracker bar as previouslydescribcdQ v The suction in the pneumatic 240 can be changed at either afast 'or slow rate or may be maintained at any desired point withincertain limits. The suction'in this pneumatic is the same as that in thebellows 260 as they are connected togetherv by the tube 241. If it isdesired to increase 'the suction ataislow rate, a hole in the papercomes opposite the hole 173 in thet'racker bar 150 and air is'adrnittcdto tube 183 and thence through duct 271 to chamber 273 il'u'iatin; thepouch 277-, thus moving the valve 281 upwardly against the action of thespring. This'shuts eff chamber 283 from the atmospheric port 285 .andconn'cctsit to the suction chamber 275. Airis then sucked through thesmall duct 293 from the belp it at a slow rate sprm; 263.

lows 260 (i0flfltlil against the action of the u If it is desired tochange the suction in the pneumatic 240 at a rapid rate, holes in thepaper appear opposite holes 177 and 173 in the tracker bar 150, theformer allowing air to enter the tube 187, thence through duct 270 intochamber 272 inflating the pouch 276 and liftingthe valve 280, and thelatter lifting thc'valve 281 as just described. This closes theatmospheric port 284 and connects the duct- 280 to the suction chamber275, thus sucking the air from the chamber 287 and pulling the 'valve289away from the opcning to the tube 294 which is then connected to thesuction chamber 275, by the duct 292 and under the valve 281. Thiscauses air to be rapidly withdrawn from the bellows 260, deflating it ata. rapid rate, which at the same time defiates the bellows the act on opositioned maintained ;at" an .,-1nterrnediate suction by suitably.-plg.cing .the holes in the paper which cooperatewith the holes 173 and177. ln,order .to..give. a rapid collapse of the bellowsifitioibothports -1Z3. and I 177 can be opened simultaneously, Z

hen both holes 173 closed,

iT oi s 2.59.zii l dl eqn e eth at mospher'e, through duct 23 andatmospheric 1501:?285; fljhe b llows w ll then ,open. undcr f l s er e?=v u t l; the h s 265engagesthearm 265,rotatiny it in a qonnterclockwise direction. about Elie. point 266;, This expose, the port 2208' which lifts. the valve 281 as! reviously described, thusconnectinggthe; ows 260 to the suction chamber 275 rapidly, it: will,rotate; the lever 265 enough alsmui coversthe port 267, thus allowingair to rter the chamber 272, lifting the valve 2SO,, thus, dropping thevalve 289, and ,connectip'g}the bellows 260 to the suction through thepipe 294 as previously described. Thus, ,when a both holes 173 and 171are covered the suction in the bellows 260. will, be, maintained, at ahigh value which is,deterini ned by the tension of the P n =2fi34 T ligyproper positioning ofjthc; holesin the paper, in sufiicienflnu mbeqandat proper intervals,v it i s evident that any one or compneumatics 203,204 and 205 may ,be deflated intermittently at desired rates and thepneumatic 240;may be thereby to control thesuction pressures. Thus, thestriking pneumatics can be operated with any desired force. If it shouldbe desired to' cut down :the pressure in the pneumatics153 to apredetermined ratio of the pressure in the chamber 227, the controlvalve 364 is moved in a clockwise direction to the position Soft, thusbringingthe portBGfi in linewith the openin of the tube 255 admittingair to this tu e which inflates the pouch 253 lifting the .valve 250,which closes the atmospheric, port 247 and connects the duct 245 to thechamber 252, which is under the same regulated suction as the chamber257. This causes the pneumatic 244 to be collapsed by the same amount ofsuction as is in the chamber 257. This will close the valve 242 whichwill remain closed until the suction in the chamber 257 has decreasedsufiiciently to cause this valve to be opened, thereby increasing thesuction in the chamber 257 and as the pneumatic 244 is under the samesuction this will start to collapse, thus closing the valve 242 again.In this way the suction in the chamf ion o't th p the small duct 293. Ifthe bellows, 2670-; shouldibe' opening very.

her 257 is always maintained in a certain ratio to that in the chamber227, which causes the notes to be struck softly butwith the samerelative intensity as they were when the control valve was at Medium.

The regulated air in the pipe 25S -passcs through pipe 391 tothepneumatic 390 which is collapsed an amount proportional to the suctionin the pipe 258 and operates to control the swellshut-ters 165 in amanner similar to I that described in connection with Figures]. to i 7If is desiic thepiano by hanththe plunger 394 is depressed with thehiger thus uncovering the atmospheric port SQTanamount depending upon howfar the plung er has been dep- Tliis'allows a c -r't-ii quaiitity of airto pass through the duct 395*and tube 225 to the chamber 224, inflatingthe pouch"223 and cutting oti-thejsupply etsueumtw the duct 198.. J j

The eiqir ession mechanism 152 and the crescendo pneumatic 156 are'co'ntrolledfin a mannersimilar to that just described by means of thegroup of li'olesl'il.

the modified form of the invention shown in Figures 94 and 9,'10 anillpthe system is shown as applied to anothcr'lcommercial form of;automatic piano. This mechanism consists of a tracker bar 401, twocut-out blocks402 and 403, a. ;pr imary valve box. 404, two' accordionp'neu'matic's 405 and 406, an expression'box 1407, a theme primary valvebox 408, 'a' bass and treble stack of pneumatics 410 and 411, a bass andtreble modulator control mechanism 412 and 413, a set of bass and treblereflectors 414 and 415, a regulator pneumatic" 417 and a suction pump418'.

The tracker bar 401 is provided witha groii p of holes 421 whichcommunicates with an equal number of" tubes 422. Two groups of holes areprovided adjacent to the group 421 which are connected respectively totwo groups of tubes 423 and 424. The tubes included in the groups 422,423 and 424 control the striking of the notes in a well known manner.Located directly above these two groups of holes are two secondarygroups of holes, the left hand group of which communicate with fourtubes 425, 426, 427 and 428 and the right hand group which communicateswith four tubes 430, 431, 432 and 433. The group of tubes 423 and thefour tubes 425-428 pass through the cut-out block 402 which when it isin the position shown, shuts off the group of tubes 423 but lcavesthetubes 425-428 open. When this cut-out block is moved manually to theother position the tubes 425-428 will be shut off and the group of tubes423 will be open. In a similar manner the groups of tubes 424 and thetubes 430433 are controlled by the cut-out block 403.

d to controltheexpression of 449 i which is "eo'nnccteddo a suppl-y pipe468.

The tracker'bai- 401 "also provided with six holes on -e'ach side)435440 which communicate respectively with tubes 44-1446. The tubes44land 445 control the rerolfand the -motorin a well known mannerwhichn6ed-'-I1O= tbe more fully described; 1

-The tube 443 is connectedby a branch tube 447 to aiflval-v'e 448contr'olled by a handle pivoted-for rotation upon a block" 450 and isprovided with" a -felt pad 45Lwhieh covers the opening to'the tube 447.

The -valve 448 is held in the position shown by'lneans of-a spring 452-'The tube 444 is connected byaa branchtubc 455 to a. valve 456controlled by'a' handle 457 which is pivotetl for rotation 'upon ablock; 458 and is provided with a felt pad 460 which oovcrs the openingto the tube 459. The valve 456 is-held in=the position shown bymeans ofa sPrin 461-. i F a The tubes 425-428 and 430433 lead to theprimary-valve box 404 (see Fig. 10) where each oncoommunicates' with achamber463icach'of which is covered by a pouch 464 uponwhich :l'ests avalve 465 which is positioned inFa seQ- nd chamber 466. All of thechambers460-are in communication with each other" byimea'ns of ports4G7, and are Between each chamber-466 andits correspondingtube is' ableed' hole-470. The upper part of each valve 465' is-located in'achamber 471 which communicates with the-atmosphere through poi-U472. Thechambers 471 communicate with flexible tubes 475 to 478 and 480, 'to483. Thesearc soarranged that the tubes 42.- 428 control the supplyofsuction to the tubes 475-478 respectively and the tubes 430 433control the supply of suction to the tubes 480483 respectively.

The tubes 475'478 communicate with four bellows 485488 of the accordionpneumatics' 405 and the tubes 480 to 48?, communicate. with fourcorresponding bellows of the accordion pneumatic 406.

The accordionpneumatics 405 are mounted upon the base 490 and areconnected by means of a link 491 to an arm 492 which is loosely mountedupon a-shaft 493. Upon this shaft is also loosely mounted an arm 494which connected by means of a rod 495 to an arm 496 which'is rigidlysecured to shaft 497 which is mounted for rotation in a bearing 498secured'to the block 490. Rigidly secured to the other end of the shaft497 is an arm 500 to the other end of which is pivoted a rod 501' theother end of which is connected to a bell crank 502 which is mounted forrotation upon'the block 450. The other end of the bell crank 502 isprovided with a handle 503. The bell crank 502 is: held in the positionshown by means of: a spring The shaft 493 is'supportcd in bearings 505which are'mounted upon the expression box 407 and has fastened t it; anarm 506 which earries'at its end a pi :5()6' which rests upon the arms492 and 494. 815 cured to the other end of the-shaft493 is an arm 507,to the end of which is pivoted alink 508 the other end ofwhichispivotedto an arm 509, which is rigidly secuved'to a shaft 510mounted for rotation-in the side of the expression box 407. To the otherend of the shaft 510 is rigidly secured an arin- 51-1 which is pivotedto one end of a-floating valve 512, the other end of which is connectedby a link 513, tothe movable wall of a bellows 514.- l

A similar mechanism is tion with the accordion is manually controlled 4mounted on the block 458. also controls one end (see F igure 11)which'is similar-to-the floating valve 512. The other end'ofthe valve"516 is connected by a link 517 to'th'e top 'of a. pneumatic 518.Secured-to the movable y a handle 515 walls of the pneumatics 514 and518 are-two valves 527 and 528 which'coverports 530 and 531 leading tochamber 532 and 533 used iii pneumatics 406 and- This mechanism of afloating valve "516;.

which communicate with two pipes 534 and 535 which form the supply pipesto the two pneumatic stacks 410 and 411. The chambers 532 and 533 are536 and 537 which are 540 and 541. The interiors of these valves are incommunication with two tubes 542' provided with ports controlled byvalves and 543. The valvcs 540 and 541.consist of two soft leatherpouches 544 and 545 which are covered by two diaphragms 546 and 547.-The valves 540 and 541 are located in chumbers 550 and 551 which areconnected together by means of a passage 552. chamber 551 communicateswith the interior of the bellows 518 by means of a duct 553'.

The floating valves 512 and 516 cover two ports 554 and 555 whichcommunicate with a. chamber 556 which is provided with aport 557.co-opcrating with the port 557 is a valve 558 which is rigidly securedto a shaft 559 which is mounted for rotation in thesides of theexpression box 407; Rigidly secure-d to each end of the shaft 559are twosets of arms 561 and 562, the former set of which is kept pressed .uponthe arms 509 by means of two springs 563 which are connected from theother arms 502 to two lugs 564 secured to the sides of the expressionbox 407. bcr 505 which is provided with a port 566 in the side of theexpression box 407.

The tubes 543 and 542 communicate with The The valve 558 is located in achnm- V two chambers- 570 and-5.71. The chambers.

570 and\57l are providedv with .ports 572 and 573-.which connectthemwith the atmosphere. They, are also providedwit-htwo. ports 574-;and 575J-inwhich slide ;two valves .576 and 577, thelo-wenpartsoiwhich are in. a chamber 578. and; restupon two pouches 586 and58lswhichcover .two chambers 582 and 583 which tare connected to the. stwo tubes 444 -;and.443-.;.-.The chamber 578 is connected to asupply-.ipipe'% 584. t which communicates 1with the. two chamber-S 582andi583 by means of two bleedih'oles,585. and 586.;

The chamber 556 in the expression box s407 is in-communication Ewithapipe 590, the

other zend of. which 417.-,i: lhis;chamber is provided with a port592Lwhichcommunicates, witha bellows 593 2(1ain3wliichiis mountedalmifeyalve 594 which is-pivotedat. 595-andis provided with a felt pad596 which Whcmthe bellows is collapsed 1 whiclnconununicatesJwith achamber (363..

llhis chambenisiprovided with a second port 604-.which communicateschamber.

port .607..whicl 1 connects the chamber 605 to :the chamber 591. Theinterior of the neiunatic; 606' is connectedto the interiorv of-thechamber 605 by means of a bleed hole ;60 8 andtis. alsoconnected to atube 610 which i'unsto a ,port 611 in a block 612 located adjacent; tothe .key board of. the piano. Mounted. upon this block is an arm 6'13which, when it is in the Concert position 5 shown, covers the port 611.\Vhen this lever is inv the Soft,position, it llllc ')\(.1'S theport611, thus allowing air to enter the tube 610. The chamber 603 isconnected by apipe 615 tothe suction pump 418 which iiSQPIOVldmLWltll alarge-pulley 616 which is driven from a suitable electric motor 617 bymeans oi abelt 618.

.To. the ipe .615 is connected a branch c 620 w iich 15 connected to thepipe 584 and which'is also connected to a port 621 located in a bellows622 which forms part of the pedal regulator pneumatic 416. Secured, tothe movable wall of this bellows is a knife; valve 623 which controlsthe opening ofthe port 621. Fastened to the outside of the top of thebellows 622 is a spring 624, the other end of which is secured to ablock 625. The interior of the bellows 622 communicatesby means of aduct 626, with a. chamber 627 which is provided with two communicatesqwith .a chamber-.5591 in the modulator pneumatic with a longitudinal:pneumatic: 606. avhich .whcn inflated closes a pouches 628 and 629which cover .two chainbers (Bland 632. The chamber 627-communicates withthe tube 468. .These chain-- bers are connected to the duct .626 bymeans.

of two bleed holes 633 and 634. -;.Ihe-eham-v bers 631 and 632communicate with the. tubes with two chambers 640.,and== 641.-1These:

chambers: are .provided with'ratmospheric;

.- ports 642- and .643 and, arealso connected to 644 and -645 which inturn are con tubes nccted to twohpneumatics646 and 647.- :Thepneumatic646 controls th'ezloudpedal action:

of the. piano by means ofa .rod648 and the;

pneumatic 647 of the piano by means of a rod 649.

To the pipe-534 is connected a branch pipe 2 controls thesoft-":p'edalaction 650, the other end of which is connected'toapneumatic 651 onthe top of whichz'iis mounted a rod endof the rod 652 isconnected a spring 655', the other end of which is rotatably mounted-652, the other end of which; is pivoted to an arm 653 which is mounted.for rotation about .the point 654., Todthe' upon the end of anadjusting-screw 656 which is threaded into a bracket 657; The,

outer end of the arm 653 is provided with i a slot 660 in whichslidesaipin 661 2carried on the end of a zprimaryi slide-.yalveh6621which slides inthc valve casing 663. This valve isidentical inconstruction with'that shown in Figure 2 andis provided :with a.secondary valve 664, a supply pipe.v 665 which is connected to the pipe620 and two tubes 666 and 667 which are connected to two bellows 668 and669 between which ismounted an oscillatingmember 671 to the end of whichis connected :1. link 672 the other end of which is pivoted to an arm673, to which is connected a link674 the other end of which is connectedto a secondary slide valve 664.

The arm 673 675 which passes through the framework of" the piano and hassecured to its upper end an arm 676. The end of the arm 676' isconnected to a link 677, the other end of which connected to a rod 678.To this rod is.

pivoted a plurality upon the tone reflectors 414. matic 651, valve 663,hollows 668 and 669, and arm 673, are viewed from beneath the pianolooking upward, while the arm 676 and its associated parts are viewedfrom above, lookin down from the top of the piano.

Mounted atthe other end of the piano is a similar mechanism consistingof a pneumatic 680 which is connected by a pipe 682 to the pipe 535, avalve 683 which is supplied by a pipe 684 connected to the pipe 615 andwhich is connected by two tubes of arms 679, mount-ed is rigidly securedto a shaft.

ne pneuproviding the proper arm 5.07 in a counter-clockwise 685 and6864041. double bellows 687 which conhrolsthe-imotion of an-arm 688secured to a shaft '689 to the'other-end of which is fastenedpn arm 691which controlsthe tone in the operation of the form of the inventionshown in:Fignres 9, 9", 10 and 11, the paper strip is- 1 caused to passover the tracker; bar- 401- in a well known manner provided holes whichwhen they coinejoppo's'ite holes-in the tracker bar allow air toenter'thecorresponding tubes hen a perforation in the paper comesopposite any of the-holes in the group 421, air is admitted {to 5 thecorresponding tubes of the and causes the; corresponding note ob t/hepiano to -be struck. If thecut-out blocks 4O2-and 403 are in theopposite position from 9, the groups olfi'p'ipes 423 and 424 will beconnected to the corresponding holes in the tradrer bar40l-and anyperforations in the paper stripwhich come opposite the holes in thetracker bar will cause the corresponding notes to be struck. If,however, the cut-out blocks 402 and 403 are in the position shown inFigure 9", the groups of tubes 423 and 424 will he disconnected from thetracker bar and therefore the notes controlled by them cannot besounded.

hea perforations in the paper strip come opposite anypf th'e holes4:25-428 and 430 433,11irwill enter the corresponding tubes and actuatethe corresponding primary valve in t hewalveboir 404,--thus suppose airenters 1 pass into the chamber that ,shown m Figure the tube 425. It wil463 (see 10) thus elevating the pouch 464 flnd' l1LlSlll g-t h0 valve465. This closes the atmospheric port 472 and connects the chamber 466to the chamber 471 thus connccting-the bcllows 485 to the suction whichis constantly in the chamber 466 as this is connected to the suctionsupply tube 465 by the port 467. This causes the bellows 485 to bedeflated. If air enters the tube 426, the bellows 486 will be collapsedin a similar manner; As the bellows 485, 486, 487 and 488 are soconstructed that when they collapse they will move through distancesproportional to the numbers 1. 2, 4 and 8, any desired motion of the arm492 may be produced by collapsing any one of these bellows or anycombination of them. Thus, for example, if the bellows 485 is collapsed,a motion proportional to 1 will be produced. If 485 and 486 are bothcollapsed a motion proportional to 3 is produced, and if 485, 486 and488 are collapsed, a motion proportional to 11 is produced. In this wayby perforations in the paper strip any desired mot-ion of the arm 492may be produced. This motion is transmitted by means of 'a pin 506 tothe arm 506 which by means of the shaft 493 rotates the direction,

thus moving the link 508 to the right which rotates the arm 509 in aclockwise direction which in turn rotates the 'arm in the same directionthus moving theleft hand end of the floating valve 512 downwardly-.- Thelocation of the end of the floating valvewill therefore be determined-byt'he'ainount that the accordion pneumatic 405 hasbeen= collapsed whichin turn'depends upon'the arrangement of the perforations in'the-paperstrip passing over the trackerbari 'Dhe po sition of this end of thefloating valve 512 willdetermine the amount otsu'ction in the pneumatic514 for as this is collapsed due to the air beingsncked out through-"theport 554 into the chamber 556 which is constantly undersuctio-n, itwillca-use the bellows to be 'collapsedwhich willcause the valve 512 toclose off the port 554, -thusshutting off the suction to thisbellows.Assoon' as this happens the's'pring 522 :williend to: open the bellowswhich will -thus calise the port 554 to be opened. Thisaction willcontinne thus keeping the suction in'the bellows 514 at a constantamount depending the position of the left hand end of the valve 512 andthe strength of the spring .522. lA-s the position of the lefthand endof the valve 512 is changed, the position of the movable wall of thebellows 514 when .the'- valve 512 shuts off the port 554, will also bechangedi and therefore the tension of the spring 522 when the port 554is shut oflF,-will be changed a corresponding amount. Int-his way mnydesired suction may be produced-lathe bczllows 514. This can alsolie-controlled by means of the handle 503 which as i-t=is moved tothe-right will cause, by means ofthc rod 501, a. counter-clockwiserotation of the-shaft 497, thus liftingthe rod 495which will cause acounter-clockwise rotation of thearm 494 which by meansof the pin 506will cause a corresponding rotation of the shaft 493, thereby changingthe amount of suction in the bellows 514 in a manner similar to thatjust described.

In a similar manner the-accordion pneumatics 406 are controlled byperforations in the paper allmving the air to enter the tubes 430433.The motion of. the accordion pneumatic 406 is transmitted to thefloating valve 516 in a manner similar to that just descr bed andcontrols the amount of suction in the bellows 518..

W'hen either the arm 509 or the corresponding arm on the other side isrotated, it will rotate the corresponding ann 561 thus rotating theshaft 559 in a counter-clockwise direction against the action of thespring 563. This will cause the valve 558 to gradually close the port557. This valve acts as a spill valve so that when the suction in thebellows 514 and 518 is below a certain amount, this valve will be open,thus allowing air to enter the port 566,.passthmugh otherwiseiwouldhavex-to do.

- holesi585-and 586 thus causing the pouches 580 and 581 and thecorresponding valves 576 and 577.:to beheld in the :positions showniniFigure-Q L'-. This:will allow the tubes 542 and '543 ;to be.connected .to the atmosphere through the-chambers 570 and 571 and theportsi572'and-i573 -:This-ivill allow air to enter vthe values 540 and'541, inflating them and thus causing Ediscs4546 and 547 to close thepor1tsa536 and-537. The suction. in the -'chamber'526 is the same asthat in the bellows .514 as they are in constant communicationthroughthe duct 525. The suction in the chamber 526 controls the minimumsuction in the chamber-$532 and 533 by means of the checkivalves'527'and 528. For, should the -suction in either of -.'thesechambers :beless. than that in the chamber 528,- the corresponding check valve willopen, thus drawinglthe air. fromthis chamber into 526 and reducing' thepressure therein to that in the chamber 526; --Under these conditions,the suction in thepipes 534 and 535 which supply the bassan d treblepneumatics respectively,-is:controlled by the suction in the bellows 514which is known-as the as, companimentregulator. Therefore, as long as noholes-in the paper come opposite the holes 437 and 438 in the trackerbar, the intensity witli which:the notes of the instrument are struckwill be determined by the perforations in the paper which control theair entering the tubes 425-428.

If perforations in the paper strip come opposite the holes 437 and 4.38in the tracker bar, air will. be admitted to the tubes 443 and 444.thusinflating the pouches 580 and 581 which lift the valves 576 and 577thus connecting the two tubes 542 and 543 to the chamber 578 which isconnected to the suction supply pipe 584. This'canses suction to beproduced in the valves 540 and 541 thus collapsing them which opens theports 536 and537. This causes the chambers 532 and 533 to be' put incommunication with the chambers 550 and 551 which are in communicationwith the interior of the bellows 518 known as the theme regulator, bymeans of the ducts 552 and 553. In this way, the suction in the pipes534 and 535 which control the suction in-the bass and treble pneumatics410 and 411 will be controlled by the theme regulator-bellows 518. Thesuction in this inturn is controlled'as previously .de-. scribed by theperforationsin the paper strip which allows air to enter the tubes 430-133! If only ,the hole 437 iscxposedto zthe atmos he:e,,only the ehamber532 and-there-. fore the bass pneum'atics 410., will=zbe=con-g nected'to-the themeregulator bellows 2518,. while the treble .pneuma'tics 411,,which are controlled from the chamber 533,- ;will "be regulated by theaccompaniment regulator bellows 514., In this wayeit-her all the-pneu-.matics maybezcontroll'ed by; the Ebass For treble regulator perforationsin: the tracker; ba 1- or; either; halt of these neumatics may; becontrolled- ?by4;either the bassor treblel regulator, depending upon theproper .-cut+ ting of the perforations inthe. paper which; co-operate.in the holes;437 andz438 inathe; tracker bat-.1 T l r:

The intensity of thesuction'in-thepipe is transmitted to-thezpneumatic.65L-by means of the pipe 650, thus-causingthi's pneumatic to takeup aposition. dependent upon the amount of this suction and-tension of thespring (555 which may be regulated by the screw 656. The suction in thepneumatic G51 therefore determines the positionof the arm 653 which bymeans-of the-primary siide valve 662 tout role the suction admitted tothe bellows (S68 .and'. 6691 thus-- control hug the ipositiorrotLthearm" 673 =i11 .:a manner similar 't that previously described inconnectionavith F igures- -1-;and 100 2. This causes-the arm 676, link677, rod 678, arm (379 and the reflectors414 to fassumetaposition.dependent upon thesuetion in. the pneumatic 651i :mdthereforethefopening of. the refiecto1s414' isproportionatc-to the 105 strengthof the suction in the bass-pneumatics 410 and therefore :to theintensity with which the bass notes are struck.-

In a similar manner the reflectors ,415 are controlled by the suction,in the pneumatic 110 (380 which is the same as the suction in thetreble pneumatics 411 and therefore the reflectors 415 will be openedanamount proportional to the strength with which the treble notes arestruck. v

By manipulating the handles 449 and 457 air may be admitted -to thetubes 443 and 444 thus controlling the primary valves 576 anal 577 whichin turn control the valves. 540 and 541, thus connecting the bass or 120treble pneumatics with the theme regulator when desired. These handlesare used when paper rolls are being played which were not cut forautomatic expression playing, but which are prox'ided with four extranote 125 holes at each end of the scale which eo-operate with the holesconnecting with the groups of tubes 423 and-424.7 At this time thecut-out blocks 402 and 403 are in their uppermost positions thusdisconnecting the 1:0

